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مکانیک::
بار حرارتی گرمایشی (جریان گرم)
For cooling and heating purposes, a cold utility cooling water) and a hot utility steam) are available with the respective heat transfer rates (utility loads) of and
In Figure both the hot-stream cooling and the cold-stream heating requirements are exclusively met by the cold and the hot utilities.
The minimum hot utility load is determined graphically as the horizontal distance between the high-temperature ends of the composite
If the hot utility supplies more energy than 48 = 48 where denotes an excess heat transfer, the energy rate is transferred through the system without use and is finally rejected in the cold utility:
Above the pinch, that is, above only a hot utility required: The subsystem represents a net heat sink.
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